What is the influence of anthropogenic impact on the population structure of Attalea speciosa Mart. ex Spreng. in the Brazilian Amazonian region?

Attalea speciosa (babassu) is a native palm of the primary forest from Amazonian and Cerrado biomes, has multiple economic cultural uses. However, this can become dominant in open areas, with long-term persistence community. The objective study was to compare population structure morphology babassu three habitat types characterizing succession: forest, pasture, babaçual (babassu-dominated secondary forest). For purpose, we monitored 6,333 individuals for years at six life stages 11 sites 25 plots located PA-Benfica, Itupiranga-Pará, Brazil. morphological parameters showed differences between environments (pasture babaçual) forests, suggesting that species high capacity phenotypic plasticity. inverse J-shaped distribution observed only density all constant along whole study, unlike pastures areas. While seedlings highest stage 4 5 juveniles adults are most numerous babaçuals. Our results suggest higher dominance A. areas be associated resilience anthropogenic disturbances.